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Temple of Hibis
The Temple of Hibis (Egyptian: Hebet meaning the plough), Persian - c. 6th century BCE, is the largest and most well preserved temple in the Kharga Oasis. Excavations were started out early during the 20th century. Hibis is the finest example of a Persian Period temple in Egypt. Its reliefs are very well preserved, owing to its burial in sand for many centuries. The temple contains a rich religious iconography and a wealth of theological texts in a very unusual style, perhaps the influence of a local style of art which until recent years has barely been studied. One large and unique wall-relief depicts a winged figure of Seth, god of the desert oases, with the head of a falcon. He is painted blue, a colour usually reserved for air deities and is fighting the serpent Apophis. Many deities are represented in the sanctuary and Min, another desert god, was also venerated here.
At Kharga Oasis, the temple at Hibis remains the only witness to the scope and nature of the building activities during the Late Period, before the start of the Ptolemaic Period. Construction at Hibis may have begun in the 26th Dynasty, but the temple was primarily built during the succeeding (27th) dynasty and decorated mostly by Darius and completed during the rule of the 30th-Dynasty king Nectanebo II
==Location and history==
Temple of Hibis is located just over two kilometres north of the modern city of Kharga. The town associated with the Temple, known as the Town of the Plough, was in ancient times the garrisoned, known as the fortress of Qasr el-Ghuieta, capital of the Oasis, easily covering a square kilometre.It lay in the valley between the foothills of Gebels al-Teir and Nadura. There is little known about the ancient tow, though early excavations did unearth a few houses with vaulted ceilings and fresco paintings.
The temple was mostly dedicated to Amun who was also known as the " Lord of Hibis". On one side of the temple you have the adaptation of Theban theology and on the other we find that a lot of rooms have been dedicated to Osiris. The decorative program showed notable peculiarities that have not been found elsewhere. The decorated naos has nine registers on its walls, which contain approximately 700 representations of both gods and of what may perhaps be divine statues. At the head of these representations, the king is shown in each register performing a ritual.Grouped by sepat (geographic-religious entities), they present an overview of the active cults of the time, organized by region and interestingly, each sepat takes a form of Osiris.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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